LIST OF STUDENTS' FOR VARIOUS LEVELES AND PROGRAMMES THAT ARE AVAILABLE AND THEIR INFORMATION | |||||||||||||
NO. | TOPIC | DEPARTMENT | LEVEL | PAGES | NO. OF WORDS | REFERENCES | AMOUNT | ||||||
1. | The Effect of Loyalty on Employees Performance,A Case Study of …… | Business Admin/HR Mgt | M.Sc | 75 | 15,555 | 17 | US$100 | ||||||
2. | The impact of Tax Evasion and Avoidance on Revenue Generation of the Govt A Case Study of … | Accounting | B.Sc | 77 | 20,344 | 23 | US$100 | ||||||
3 | . The Importance of Corporate Governance on Financial Reporting | Accounting/Business Admin | B.Sc | 82 | 15,192 | 20 | US$100 | ||||||
4 | . The Impact of Promotion on Organisational Performance, A Case Study of… | Business Admin/Marketing | B.Sc/M.Sc | 82 | 15,946 | 17 | US$100 | ||||||
5 | The Impact of Strategic Management on Organisational Performance, A Case | Business Administration | M.Sc/MBA | 99 | 19,468 | 27 | US$100 | ||||||
6 | The Impact of Internal Audit Mechanism in Checking Fraud and Errors in Govt. | Accounting | B.Sc | 74 | 15,411 | 23 | US$100 | ||||||
7 | The Impact of Leadership on Employees Job Performance, A Case Study of … | Business Admin/HR Mgt | M.Sc | 110 | 23,276 | 29 | US$100 | ||||||
8 | The Role of Auditors in Fraud Detection and Control, A Case Study of ….. | Accounting | B.Sc/M.Sc | 80 | 16,044 | 23 | US$100 | ||||||
9 | The Impact of Total Quality Management on Corporate Performance, A Study | Business Administration | B.Sc | 72 | 11,311 | 16 | US$100 | ||||||
10 | The Effect of Inventory Control Management on Corporate Performance, A Study | Accounting | B.Sc. | 70 | 14,156 | 15 | US$100 | ||||||
11 | The Effect of Personal Selling in the Marketing of Industrial Products, A Case | Marketing/Business Admin | B.Sc | 81 | 16,160 | 21 | US$100 | ||||||
12 | Tax As a Veritable Source of Revenue to the Government: An Appraisal of …. | Accounting | B.Sc. | 68 | 13,205 | 9 | US$100 | ||||||
13 | The Impact of Human Resource Management on Organisational Performance, | Business Admin/HR Mgt | B.Sc | 84 | 15,751 | 10 | US$100 | ||||||
14 | An Investigation of Social Responsibility in Organisation Performance, A Case | Business Administration | B.Sc | 80 | 13,199 | 11 | US$100 | ||||||
15 | Tax Evasion and Avoidance: An Investigation of The Causes and their Effect ,,, | Accounting | B.Sc./M.Sc | 73 | 19,274 | 26 | US$100 | ||||||
16 | The Impact of Training and Development on Employees Performance, A Case | Business Admin/HR Mgt | B.Sc. | 63 | 8,949 | 8 | US$70 | ||||||
17 | The Challenges and Prospects of Pay As You Earn Program Implentation | Accounting | B.Sc. | 67 | 14,833 | 21 | US$100 | ||||||
18 | The Impact of Employees Benefits Plan on Organisational Commitment, A …. | Business Admin/HR Mgt | B.Sc/M.Sc | 103 | 19,504 | 94 | US$100 | ||||||
19 | The Effect of Flexible Working Hours on Employees Performance, A Case of .. | Business Admin/HR Mgt | M.Sc | 81 | 17,572 | 28 | US$100 | ||||||
20 | An Appraisal of Credit Admininstration in the Banking Industry, A Case Study | Banking and Finance | B.Sc | 63 | 16,917 | 27 | US$100 |
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The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organisational Performance, A Case Study of Four Selected Firms in Lagos - www.danikingconsulting.com/projects
The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance (A Case Study of Four Selected Firms in Lagos)
Research Project
By
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In today's highly competitive and demanding business world, an organization's competitive capability is a function of how effective and efficiently it deploys its corporate assets. This asset resides in the human capital and is knowledge. The practice of managing them is known as knowledge management.
Knowledge Management can be defined as any structured activity that improves an organization's capacity to acquire, share, and utilize knowledge for its survival and success. Every organization is made up of a crop of Intellectual Capital, which are divided into Human capital
(Knowledge that employees possess), Structural Capital (Knowledge embedded in systems and structures), Customer Capital (Value derived from satisfied customers, reliable suppliers and others) (Edvinson 1997).
Organizations are facing ever increasing challenges, brought on by market place pressures or the nature of the workplace. Many organizations are now looking to knowledge management (KM) to address these challenges. Such initiatives are often started with the development of a knowledge management strategy. Knowledge is the only sure source of competitive advantage. Successful firms consistently create new knowledge, spread it through out organization and manifest it into new technologies, products and service offerings. It is no doubt that successful organizations are learning organizations which allows Personal knowledge to pool into organizational knowledge; Such organization is skilled at creating, acquiring and transforming knowledge and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insight.
While most business leaders appreciate the strategic value of knowledge and the need to manage their knowledge assets, many of them seem unable to derive real benefits from their efforts. There are reasons for this, including their persistence in viewing knowledge management (KM) as a supply-side issue, namely their belief that the acquisition of the right knowledge automatically produces benefits.
Other reasons why benefits don't materialize include a lack of focus on KM initiatives; a staggering over reliance on technology to provide both the solution and the benefit; structures that are inappropriate for capitalizing on an organization's knowledge assets, and lastly a lack of proper ownership. (Murray 2002)
According to Mohammed (2000) .Knowledge management refers to the process of managing and leveraging the stores of knowledge that reside within an organization the objectives being to add value , improve efficiency , increase productivity and /or revenues. As a strategy that turns an organization's intellectual assets -both recorded information and the talents of its members into greater productivity, new value and increased competitiveness.
Knowledge management must add value to the bottom line. Organizations must map knowledge activities to define the following strategic goals:
• Innovations
• Responsiveness
• Productivity
• Competency
1.2 Background of the Study of Knowledge Management
There is increasing awareness and adaptation of Knowledge Management by organizations. This is on the realization of important benefits organizations can derive there from. Effective management of organizational resources are key to organizational success (Banjoko, 1996). Often times managers make key decisions without having access to information to make such decisions. Having adequate relevant information will improve the chances of successfully achieving organizational objectives.
The world we presently live in is a world of knowledge. Through Knowledge acquisition and use, organizations now experience product, innovation, process and technological innovation and improvement which have no doubt contributed to organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
Knowledge has been defined in various ways. Some authors see Knowledge as valuable information from human mind that includes reflection, synthesis and context. Thomas Davenport and Prusak (2000) defines Knowledge as "what happens at the moment in time when Information becomes valuable to the individual seeking it" Effective use of Knowledge has been crucial to the organization's survival and success in competitive global markets and has a strong potential to problem solving, decision making, organizational performance enhancements and innovation. Effective use of Knowledge is Knowledge Management. Knowledge management is a conscious strategy of getting the right knowledge to the right people at the right time and helping people share and put information into action in ways that will strive to improve organizational performance. Knowledge management is a process that helps organizations find, select, organize, disseminate, and transfer important information and expertise necessary for activities.
1.3 Statement of Problem
The business environment we live in presently is constantly changing. The modern business manager operates in a dynamic environment. The change in the environment has been complex both in form and impact on business practices. Consumers and clients have been showing complex behaviors both in local and international markets. Competitors have been applying one strategy or the other to adapt to the dynamic and unpredictable business environment.
To achieve organizational success, organizations are now adopting various strategies to achieve organizational success. Knowledge Management is one of these approaches and strategies organizations are using to achieve organization success.
In Knowledge Management, organizations are faced with various problems which include the following:
- Lack of adequate knowledge about knowledge management and its process.
- Lack of resources to acquire the technology that support effective knowledge management.
- Reluctance among employees to share information in the organization.
- Poor working environment that inhibits knowledge transfer among employees.
- Industrial politics, competition and rivalry that inhibit knowledge transfer among organization's membership.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
To compete and become successful in their own market, organizations must define how to use their ultimate assets, which is 'Knowledge ' and this practice is generally known as Knowledge Management or Business Intelligence. The main objectives of the study are:
1. To critically examine the competitive advantage that knowledge management provide for organizations.
2 To assess the impact of knowledge management on organization's performance.
3 To find how Knowledge Management can improve on employees performance.
4. To find how if Support and Collaboration have any relationship with knowledge Management practice
1.5 Relevant Research Questions
The research will answer the following questions:
• How can Knowledge management practices impact organizations performance?
• Do support and collaboration have any relationship with knowledge management practices?
• What competitive advantage does Knowledge management provide for organizations?
• How can organizations improve their knowledge management practices?
• Does Knowledge Management improve employee’s performance?
1.6 Relevant Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses shall be tested in this research:
1. Knowledge Management practices do not improve organizational effectiveness.
2. Support and collaboration do not have any relationship with knowledge management practices.
3. Knowledge Management does not improve employees’ performance.
4. Free Flow of Information among employees does not improve organizations' knowledge management capabilities.
1.7 Significance of Study
The study is expected to highlight the impact of knowledge management in an organization where knowledge and its acquisition play a very vital role.
From the study the researcher shall be able to gain more knowledge about knowledge management, and knowledge management processes. The researcher shall also provide advice on how organizations can improve their knowledge management practices. It is hoped that the findings and recommendations of this study shall provide insights to managers on how to better manage their intellectual capital.
1.8 Limitations & Scope of the Study
The study shall be conducted at KPMG - a Consulting firm, UBA Plc, Swifttalk Ltd and Nextzon all located here in Lagos.
The major reason for choosing KPMG is because the company is a training and business consulting firm that is knowledge driven. UBA Plc was chosen because it one of the oldest financial institution in Nigeria and have very wide network of branches. Nextzon was chosen because it is a computer firm. These companies have over the years made their marks in human capital development and in Knowledge Management here in Nigeria.
1.9 Operational Definition of Terms
Codification: Coding and storing knowledge in database, to arrange in orderly way.
Culture: Peoples' way of living, development of the mind by education.
Customer Capital: The value perception that customer has to make business with a good and services provider.
Codified Knowledge: Knowledge that has been made explicit by a human, the method of making explicit may involve writing it down or using other means of capturing.
Data: Available facts from which conclusions may be drawn, facts stored in a computer.
Embedded Knowledge: Knowledge that reside in systemic routines, relies on the interplay of relationships and material resources, may be embedded in technology, practices or explicit routines and procedures
Embodied Knowledge: Action-oriented and likely to be only partly explicit transmission, requires face to face contact, sentient and sensory information and physical cues, acquired by doing and context dependent.
Embrained Knowledge: Abstract knowledge dependent on conceptual skills and cognitive skills, generally conflated with scientific knowledge and accorded superior status.
Encoded Knowledge: Knowledge recorded in signs and symbols, such as books, manuals, codes of practices and electronic records.
1.10 Elicitation: To draw out information.
Encultured Knowledge: Related to the process of achieving shared understanding, embedded in cultural systems, likely to depend so much on language.
Explicit: Plainly stated or shown, outspoken.
Explicit Knowledge: These are knowledge that are documented.
Human Capital: Knowledge each person is able to create.
Information: Information is data endowed with relevance and purpose.
Intellectual Capital: This includes the human capital, organizational capital and client capital.
Knowledge: Knowledge is valuable information from the human mind that includes reflection, synthesis and context. It is applied information.
Knowledge Acquisition: This is the process of getting knowledge.
Knowledge Sharing: This is how knowledge is distributed and passed on to other organizational members.
Knowledge Management: This is a systematic and organizationally specified process for acquiring, organizing and communicating both tacit and explicit
Knowledge of employees so that other employees may make use of it to be more effective and productive in their work.
Organization: Organization is the rational coordination of the activities of a number of people for the achievement of some common explicit goal.
Organizational Capital: Knowledge that had been captured and institutionalized within the organization as culture, structures, process.
Personalization: Helping people communicate knowledge, not storing it.
Structure: Building a framework, the way the parts of anything are arranged.
Structural Knowledge: This is Knowledge embedded in an organization's systems, processes, tools and routines. Knowledge in this form is explicit and rule based.
Social Knowledge: Knowledge about interpersonal relationships and cultural issues.
Support and Collaboration: refers to the extent to which people in an organization actively support and assist each other in work related matters.
Tacit Knowledge: These are knowledge that are in peoples' mind. This knowledge resides in individual employees and can only be shared through communication.
Technology: Science applied to practical purposes, the practical -skills of a particular civilization.
References
Banjoko S. (1996), Production and Operations Management, Lagos: Saban Publishers,.
Davenport T. et al (2000), Working Knowledge, How organizations manage what they know. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, Page 199.
Edvinson L. (1997), Developing intellectual capital as Skandia, Journal of Long Range Planning.
Hubert C. and O'dell C. (2003), Measuring the Impact of Knowledge Management, Best-practice Report, New York: Consortium Learning Forum Publications.
Mohammed F. (2000), Knowledge Management Capturing and Managing Information, St. Augustine: Institute of Business, University of West Indies.
Murray H. (2002), Explorations in Personality, New York: Oxford University Press.
No. of Pages | 75 |
References | 27 |
Project Level | B.Sc./HND |
Fee | N20,000 |
For More Information about this project call this number 234-08028177177, www.danikingconsulting.com
Monday 21 December 2020
The Effect of Teenage Pregnancy On Girl Child Education in Amuwo Odofin Local Government, Lagos Nigeria - www.danikingconsulting.com
The Effect of Teenage Pregnancy On Girl Child Education in Amuwo Odofin Local Government, Lagos Nigeria
Research Project
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The roles that women play in every family and society cannot be over
emphasized. Women occupy pivotal positions in every society. The ability
of women to contribute to the survival of families and national
development to a great extent depend on the quality of educations that
were given to such women especially at their early years of their live
on earth. Child education is essential towards enabling a child
contributes her quota to the well being of her immediate family and the
society as a whole.
According to Adu-Gyamfi, E. (2014), access to education has been
acknowledged as a human right, ever since the incorporation of article
26 in the Universal Declaration of Human rights in 1948:‘Everyone has
the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally
available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on
the basis of merit’ (un.org, 2009). However, girl-child education can
greatly be inhibited by teenage pregnancy.
According to Gyan, C. (2013), teenage pregnancy is one of the social
ills that affect society. The existence of teenage pregnancy do not
auger well for the development of the girl-child. This is attributable
to the girls’ age and the absence of any consistent means of
support to care for the children and themselves when they should have
been in school. It is alleged that teenage pregnancy and its associated
motherhood are characterized with shame, disgrace, and school dropout
and sometimes end of the individual’s dreams of achieving higher
pursuits.
Gyan, C. (2013), while referencing Cunningham and Boult (1996) asserted
that teenage pregnancy has a lot of social consequences which include
school drop-out or interrupted schooling, falling prey to criminal
activity, abortion, ostracism, child neglect, school adjustment
difficulties for their children, adoption, lack of social security,
poverty, repeated pregnancy and negative effects on domestic life.
According to a United Nations report – UNFPA (2013), pregnancies among
girls less than 18 years of age have irreparable consequences. It
violates the rights of girls, with life-threatening consequences in
terms of sexual and reproductive health, and poses high development
costs for communities, particularly in perpetuating the cycle of
poverty. Existing evidence strongly disputes the rationale of
traditional cultural practices such as child marriage. It supports
immediate action to enforce laws protecting the rights of children and
particularly of girls; guarantee education and health needs; and
eliminate the risks of violence, pregnancy among girls less than 18
years of age, HIV infection, and maternal deaths and disability.
According to the UNFPA report, in 2010, 49 per cent of adolescent girls
lived in only six countries: China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan
and the United States of America. India (20 per cent) and China (16 per
cent) together account for more than one-third of the global total.
India will retain the biggest national adolescent girl population, with
hardly any net change from 2010 to 2030 (93 million to 95 million).
China, in contrast, will experience a sharp decline from 72 million to
55 million. It will only account for 11 per cent of the global total by
2030 This report further stated that Adolescents aged 10 to 19 are of
school age, officially defined at the country level for secondary and
tertiary education. Unfortunately, many are either out of school or are
enrolled in or attending school at levels that do not correspond to
their ages. In 2007, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2010) estimated
that “approximately 71 million out-of-school adolescents of
lower-secondary school age (are) excluded from any level of education.”
UNFPA (2013) Almost two-thirds of them live in South and West Asia or in
sub-Saharan Africa. In both
cases, they represent an important proportion of the adolescents of
lower-secondary school age (28 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively).
Almost one in three adolescents of secondary school age in sub- Saharan
Africa and South and West Asia are out of school.
The situation of adolescents is further aggravated by the fact that many
attend school at a grade that does not correspond to their age. In
2007, 17 per cent of lower-secondary school age adolescents were
enrolled in primary education (about 67 million, of which 35 million
were girls). Evidence also indicates that once a child or adolescent
starts attending grades behind the one indicated for her or his age, the
probability of dropping out of school increases substantially.
Access to good quality education is one of the most effective
interventions to empower adolescents with the most basic skills to
function and contribute to society. This is of greater relevance for
girls to obtain comprehensive sexual education; to know and recognize
options; to be able to negotiate reproductive desires, including when
and how many children to have; and to be able to demand access to good
quality services for reproductive health. All of these faculties could
be easily denied to adolescent girls who are out of school and unable to
complete their secondary education as a minimum. In sub-Saharan Africa,
only 23 per cent of adolescents of lower-secondary school age are
attending at this level, with 38 per cent out of school and 39 per cent
enrolled in primary education. By contrast, in North America and Western
Europe, 95 per cent of lower-secondary school age adolescents are
enrolled at that level, with only 4 per cent out of school. (UNFPA,
2013).
1.2 Statement of Problem
The effect of teenage pregnancy on girl child education is significant.
Gyan, C. (2013), for instance, noted that teenage pregnancy is one of
the social ills that affect society. The existence of teenage pregnancy
do not auger well for the development of the girl-child. This is
attributable to the girls’ age and the absence of any consistent means
of support to care for the children and themselves when they should have
been in school. It is alleged that teenage pregnancy and its associated
motherhood are characterized with shame, disgrace, and school dropout
and sometimes end of the individual’s dreams of achieving higher
pursuits.
According to Melissa (2012), teenage pregnancy could lead to incomplete
education, unemployment and other numerous emotional traumas. Early
motherhood had been linked to effects the psychological development of
the child adversely. Beside psychological physical risks cannot be
ignored. Teenage girl’s body is not as developed as adult women in term
of childbearing. Thus, they are often to face certain complications
during pregnancy. Lack of sexual education caused teens get abortions
since they realize that they are not ready yet to take responsibility to
be a parent at such a young age and they still have many things to
chase in life. The chance of maternal death cannot be ruled out in
effecting teenage pregnancy by child.
According to Marnach et al (2013) medically, teenage pregnancy maternal
and prenatal health is of particular concern among teens who are
pregnant or parenting. The world wide incidence of premature birth and
low birth weight is higher among adolescent mothers. Teenage mothers
between 15-19 years old were more likely to have anemia, preterm
delivery and low birth than mothers between 20-24 years old
physiologically for the child as well as the mother. The mother can
become easily frustrated and find violence is the way to overcome grief.
She might become distraught thinking that she is a failure as a parent
when seeing the reaction of her after being beaten. The teen mother
might become depressed and consider suicide. The percentage of teenage
pregnancy in the society is growing at along rate. It is perceived that
lack of adequate knowledge about sex education to teenage girls make
them to be sexually active which eventually leads to pregnancy. Teenage
pregnancy has been found to have negative and social long lasting
effects on the life of the adolescents. It is in the efforts of the
researcher to contribute towards the eradication of the ills associated
with teenage pregnancy and its effect on the girl-child’s education that
motivated the researcher to carry out this study.
1.3 The Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to find out the effect of Teenage
Pregnancy on Girl Child Education in Amuwo Odofin Local Government Area.
Other specific objectives of this study include the following:
i. To determine how teenage pregnancy affect girl-child education
ii. To determine the remote causes of teenage pregnancy.
iii. To determine the attitude of the society towards teenage pregnancy
iv. To determine measures taken so far by the government to curb teenage pregnancy
and its associated ills on a girl child education.
1.4 Research Questions
i. How does teenage pregnancy affect girl-child education?
ii. What are the remote causes of teenage pregnancy?
iii. What are the attitudes of the society towards teenage pregnancy?
iv. What are the measures taken so far by the government to curb teenage pregnancy
and its associated ills on a girl child education.
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1. H0: Teenage pregnancy negatively affect girl-child education
H1: Teenage pregnancy does not negatively affect girl-child education
2. H0: Decrease in moral and social values causes teenage pregnancy
H1: Decrease in moral and social values do not cause teenage pregnancy
1.6 Significance of the Study
With one year after the United Nations Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs), governments and their partners should recognize that many of the
goals are directly and negatively affected by the prevalence of
adolescent-girl pregnancy. Urgent investments to end this harmful
practice should be part of national strategies for poverty reduction and
social justice. Teenage pregnancy, stands as a barrier towards the
attainment of millennium development goal of ending hunger and extreme
poverty, achieving universal primary education for all, and promotion of
gender equality and women empowerment. This is because adolescent
pregnancy abruptly limits and ends girls’ potential because they are
taken out of school to be mothers. Children of mothers with little
education are less likely to be educated. Girls often get pregnant
without any say in the decision, and often with much older men or
husbands. Large spousal age gaps also mean huge power differentials
between girls and their partners/husbands. Girls who get pregnant before
age 18 are more likely to experience violence within marriage or a
partnership than girls who postpone child-bearing.
This study shall therefore in no small way contribute to the attainment
of the millennium development goals of the United Nations. The
suggestions that this study shall provide shall avail policy makers with
information on what to do to curb the teenage pregnancy. The
information that this study shall provide shall be made accessible to
all and sundry by hosting this study on the internet. The local
government that is being used as the case study shall also be provided
with a copy of this study to enable the Chairman of the local government
and other interest groups device measures to help their citizens
realize their dreams of being educated.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study shall focus on the effect of teenage pregnancy on Girl Child
education in Amuwo Odofin Local Government Area. The researcher examined
the causes of teenage pregnancy, how teenage pregnancy affect Girl
Child education, how indirectly decrease in societal morals and values
causes teenage pregnancy, and how teenage pregnancy could be reduced to
the barest minimum. The setting of this study is Amuwo Odofin Local
Government Area of Lagos State.
1.8 Operational Definitions of Terms.
Adolescent: A young person between age 10 to 19 years
Child: A child means every human being below the age of eighteen years.
Formal Education: This is a form of learning that corresponds to a
systematic, organized education model, structured and administered
according to a given set of laws and norms, presenting a rather rigid
curriculum as regards objectives, content and methodology.
Learning This is the process by which an individual can acquire new
skills or know new things that will improve the person’s potentials.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): These consist of eight
developmental goals agreed by the members of UNESCO to be achieved in
2015.
Peer: Someone of the same age group, social class etc.
Teenager: Someone between age 13 and 19
Teenage-girl pregnancy: Any pregnancy that occurs to girls before age 18 is therefore considered an teenage-girl pregnancy
Universal Primary Education: This is a model or method of education that
was introduced in Nigeria in 1976 aimed at achieving grass root primary
education for all Nigerians.
REFERENCES
1. Adu-Gyamfi Ernest (2014), Assessing the Effect of Teenage Pregnancy
on Achieving Universal Basic Education in Ghana: A Case Study of Upper
Denkyira West District, Ghana, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.5,
No.17, 2014, www.iiste.org
2. Gyan, Charles. (2013), The Effects of Teenage Pregnancy on the
Educational Attainment of Girls at Chorkor, a Suburb of Accra, Rome,
Journal of Educational and Social Research, Vol. 3 No. 3
3. Marnach, E F, Forrest, J. D; and Goldman, N. (2013) teenage pregnancy
in industrialized countries, Yale university press, New Haven
Connecticut.
4. Melissa, F. (2012), Teenage pregnancy from http://wwerarly Symptoms of pregnancy.
5. UNFPA (2013), Adolescent Pregnancy : A review of the evidence, New York
INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROJECT:-
No. of Pages | 55 |
References | 31 |
Project Level | B.Sc./HND |
Fee | N20,000 |
For More Information about this project call this number 234-08028177177
Or visit www.danikingconsulting.com
Comparative Analysis of the performance of selected financial institutions using financial ratios -www.danikingconsulting.com
Comparative Analysis of the performance of selected financial institutions using financial ratios
Research Project
By
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Information is an essential ingredient in assessing an organisation’s
performance. A business entity must have financial statements that are
capable of providing reliable and relevant information about all the
important aspects of an entity’s performance. Obtaining and assessing
information about corporate performance is essential to investors in
their decision either to invest or not to invest in an organisation’s
share. Financial statements are used to make decisions. They are used by
shareholders and investors, and also by lenders, as well as by
management. Financial statement analysis is important to the management,
owners, personnel, customers, suppliers, competitors, regulatory
agencies, tax payers, lenders, academics and others, each having their
views in applying financial statement analysis in their evaluations and
making judgments about the financial health of organization. The
financial statements contain a large number of figures, but the figures
themselves do not necessarily have much meaning to a user of the
financial statements. One widely accepted method of assessing financial
statements is ratio analysis, which uses data from the statement of
financial position and other comprehensive income and statement of
profit or loss to produce values that have easily interpreted financial
meaning.
All banks, banking systems and other financial organizations routinely
evaluate their financial health by calculating various ratios and
comparing the values to those for previous periods, looking for
differences that could indicate a meaningful change in financial
condition. Many financial organizations also compare their own ratio
values to those for similar organizations looking for differences that
could indicate weaknesses or opportunities for improvement. Financial
statements analysis is information processing system designed to provide
data for decision making. The information is basically derived from
published annual financial statements and accounts of the companies.
Meaning of Financial Statement
Financial Statement of a company can therefore be defined as a statement
written in monetary terms that shows all the activities of an entity
within a particular reporting period, including the entity’s financial
position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity that is
useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. Financial
statement is a formal record of the financial activities of a business,
person or other entity, prepared by the management of an entity to
account for the business activities that have been performed over a
specified period of time usually a year; it also states how the
company’s resources have been managed effectively and efficiently. The
objective of financial statement is to provide information about the
financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an
enterprise that is useful to wide range of users in making economic
decisions. Financial statements also state how company’s resources have
been managed effectively and efficiently for a given financial period,
usually a year.
Meaning of Performance measures and Financial Analysis
According to Zayyad Abdul-Baki et al (2014) Performance measure entails
comparing actual results with an established standard. For example, the
comparison of actual results with standards as in variance analysis or
actual results with budgets as in budgetary control system or comparison
of a company’s financial ratios with the industry average as in ratio
analysis or comparing a company’s performance with best practices as in
benchmarking.
Financial analysis is the selection, evaluation and interpretation of
financial data, along with other pertinent information, to assist in
investment and financial decision-making. Financial analysis may be used
internally to evaluate issues such as employee performance, the
efficiency of operations, and credit policies, and externally to
evaluate potential investments and the credit worthiness of borrowers
and other information. The analyst draws the financial data needed in
financial analysis from so many sources. The primary source is the data
provided by the company itself in its annual report and required
disclosures. The annual report comprises the statement of profit or
loss, statement of financial position and other comprehensive income and
the statement of cash flows as well as notes to these statements.
Certain businesses may also be required by securities laws and other
industry regulators to disclose additional information.
Meaning of Financial Ratio
A ratio is mathematical relation between on quantity and another. Ratio
analysis is a good means of measuring the performance of an organization
and it shows the relationship between financial data in the financial
statements, and indicates the quotient of two mathematical expressions,
(Abdulraheem A., 2004).
Introduction to the Nigerian Banking Sector
In Nigeria, the banking sector forms one of the pillars of economic
development. It intermediates funds between the surplus and the deficit
units, thus stimulating and promoting investments as well as economic
growth and development. It follows that increase of investments in the
banking sector will lead to improved performance of the economy.
However, for any meaningful investment to occur in the banking sector,
quality accounting information regarding share price and other
performance indicators are essential. Investors, who are usually
different from the management of investments, only rely on the
information supplied by the management in the financial statement, in
assessing the risk and value of a firm before deciding either to invest
or disinvest. It is therefore important to use the appropriate
accounting standards in preparing financial statements as it is an
indicator of the performance of a firm.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The scenario of commercial banking in Nigeria has been characterized by
low capitalization which consequently affected their financial
performance. While re-capitalisation of Nigerian banks may address this
concern, the effect of the exercise on banks performance remains an
empirical one. Before the capitalization exercise that took place some
years back, many Nigerian banks were sick and unhealthy financially.
Huge unsecured loans were given by the banks; their CEOs allegedly
manipulated bank books and helped themselves to customer funds. Above
all, bank shares were manipulated to deceive. Things were presented from
a public relation (PR) perspective and many were led to purchase bank
shares which were almost worthless. While this alleged scam was on, the
banks presented a polished image by maintaining an elaborate scheme of
deceit. Many Nigerians were ruined by a number of banks who loaned them
money to purchase their worthless shares. Bank CEOs in a number of
instances criminally used their customers’ accounts to borrow money from
banks under their charge (Okoye and Gbegi, 2013).
There is therefore the need for investors and other users of
financial information to be provided with reliable and up to day
information with which they can assess the healthiness of the banking
institutions before they make their purchase decisions of whether to
invest or not to invest in a banks share. Such information when provided
and analyzed shall save such potential investors from making useless
investment decisions.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The cardinal aim of this study is to carry out comparative analysis of
the performance of selected financial institutions using financial
ratios. Other objectives of this study include the following:-
(i) To investigate the significance of financial ratios in assessing the performance of banking institutions in Nigeria.
(ii) To investigate the impact of the adoption of IFRS on bank performance.
1.4 Research Questions
(i) What are the significance of financial ratios in assessing the performance of banking institutions in Nigeria?
(ii) What are the impacts of the adoption of IFRS on the performance of the banking institutions in Nigeria?
1.5 Significance of the Study
Financial sector is the backbone of economy of a country. It works as a
facilitator for achieving sustained economic growth through providing
efficient monetary intermediation. A strong financial system promotes
investment by financing productive business opportunities, mobilizing
savings, efficiently allocating resources and makes easy the trade of
goods and services. The efficacy of a financial system to reduce
information and transaction costs plays an important role in determining
the rate of savings, investment decisions, technological innovations
and hence the rate of economic growth. Banking has become an important
feature, which renders service to the people in financial matters, and
its magnitude of action is extending day by day. It is a major financial
institutional system in Nigeria (Sani J. and Alani G.O., 2013) of the
total assets of all the financial institutions. A profitable and sound
banking sector is at a better point to endure adverse upsets and adds
performance in the financial system (Athanasoglou et al., 2008).
Investing in such an important sector as the banking industry should be a
worthy decision. However, because the sector is currently faced with
numerous problems, it may be a risky venture to invest in an unhealthy
financial institution. Ratio analysis provides investors and other users
of financial statements important tools to analyze the healthiness of
such financial institution before making their financial decision. Such a
tool shall be able to save such investors from making a wrong
investment decision. This study shall therefore provide readers
information of the various ratio analytical tools they can use to guide
them in making their investment decision.
It is hoped that at the completion of this study, this work shall be
made accessible to other readers by making this study available on the
internet and in the library. This will inevitably make the materials a
tool of reference for future users.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on the comparative analysis of the performance of
selected financial institutions using financial ratios. This study also
examines whether or not the performance of the financial institutions in
Nigeria have improved with the adoption of IFRS, The setting of this
study was limited to Lagos State.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Activity ratio: Activity ratio relates information on a company’s
ability to manage its Resources (that is, its assets) efficiently.
Financial Analysis: Financial analysis is the selection, evaluation and
interpretation of financial data, along with other pertinent
information, to assist in investment and financial
decision-making.
Financial Leverage ratio: This provides information on the degree of a
company’s fixed financial obligations and its ability to satisfy these
financing obligations.
Financial Ratio: A ratio is mathematical relation between on quantity
and another. Ratio analysis is a good means of measuring the performance
of an organization and it shows the relationship between financial
data in the financial statements, and indicates the quotient of two
mathematical expressions.
Financial Statement: Financial Statement of a company can therefore be
defined as a
statement written in monetary terms that shows all the activities of an
entity within a particular reporting period, including the entity’s
financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity
that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions.
Financial statement is a formal record of the financial activities of a
business, person or other entity, prepared by the management of an
entity to account for the business activities that have been performed
over a specified period of time usually a year;
Liquidity ratio: This ratio provides information on a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations as they arise.
Performance measures: Performance measure entails comparing actual results with an established standard.
Profitability ratio: Profitability ratio provides information on the amount of income from each Naira on sales.
Shareholder ratio: This ratio describes the company’s financial
condition in terms of amounts Share of stock.
Return on Investment ratio: Provides information on the amount of
profit, relative to the assets employed to produce that profit.
REFERENCES
Abdulraheem Abdulrasheed (2004) “Ratio analysis as a measure of
performance in the banking industry, a case study of selected banks”,
Journal of the Department of Business Administration
Athanasoglou P. P, Brissimis S. N, Delis M. D. (2008). “Bank-specific,
industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability.”
Int. Finan. Mark. Inst. Money, 18: 121-136.
Chen, H, Tang, Q. Jiang, Y. & Lin, Z. (2010), The Role of
International Financial Reporting Standards in Accounting Quality,
Evidence from European Union, Journal of International Financial
Management and Accounting, 21(3), 220-278.
Imhoff, E. (2003), Accounting Quality, Auditing and Corporate
Governance, Accounting Horizons, Special Issue on Accounting Quality,
117-128.
Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (2014), “Management,
Governance and Ethics”, London: Emile Woolf International
Sani John and Alani G.O. (2013) “A comparative analysis of pre and post
re-capitalization
financial performance of banks in Nigeria, International Journal of
Capacity Building in Education and Management, Vol. 2 No. 2
Zayyad Abdul-Baki, Ahmad Bukola Uthman and Mubaraq Sanni (2014)
“Financial ratios as performance measure: a comparison of IFRS and
Nigerian GAAP”, Accounting and Management Information Systems Vol 13,
No. 1 pp 82-97
INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROJECT:-
No. of Pages | 93 |
References | 13 |
Project Level | B.Sc./HND |
Fee | N20,000 |
For More Information about this project call this number 234-08028177177
For other Projects visit www.danikingconsulting.com
Friday 8 December 2017
Privatisation and Commercialisation as an Inpetus Towards Economic Development in Nigeria (A Study of Telecommunication)
- To what extent did the Privatization and Commercialization exercise of the federal government achieved the intended objectives of the government?
- Identify the problems that hindered the successful operation of the federal government’s privatization and commercialization programmes?
- In what ways can these problems be solved?
- Are there ways that the government can improve on their future privatization and commercialization exercise?
Project Status
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Available
|
Number of Chapters
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5
|
Number of Pages
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68
|
Number of Words
|
15,383
|
Number of
References
|
16
|
Project Level
|
B.Sc.
|
Price
|
N15,000
(Non-Negotiable)
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Abstract, Sample of
Questionnaire are included
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